如何识别分割结构呢?在 TOEFL & IELTS 阅读里常见的分割结构，一般包括主语的长定语成分分割了主语和谓语，两个逗号或双破折号构成的成分隔开了主干的任何两个成分等。处理的方法，和处理状语的时候非常类似，就是在识别分割结构后，先忽略它，把句子的主干读完后，再回头理解分割里的内容。
例 1.
Even though the fine arts in the twentieth century of ten treat materials in new ways, the basic difference in attitude of artists in relation to their materials in the fine arts and the applied arts remains relatively constant.
【解析】
定语成分 in attitude of artists in relation to their materials in the fine arts and the applied arts 分割了真正的主语 the basic difference 和谓语remains relatively constant。
【处理】
识别出这个分割结构后，直接跳过它，找到谓语动词 remains 后，先理解主干the basic difference remains relatively constant 后，再回头理解这个定语成分 in attitude of artists in relation to their materials in the fine arts and the applied arts。
例 例 2.
The hypothesis that begging calls have evolved properties that reduce their potential for attracting predators yields a prediction: baby birds of species that experience high rates of nest predation should produce softer begging signals of higher frequency than nestlings of other species less often victimized by nest predators.
【解析】
定语成分 that begging calls have evolved properties that reduce their potential for attracting predators 分割了真正的主语 The hypothesis 和谓语 yields a prediction。
【处理】
识别出这个分割结构后，直接跳过它，找到谓语动词 yields a prediction 后，先理解主干 The hypothesis yields a prediction 后，再回头理解这个定语成分 that begging calls have evolved properties that reduce their potential for attracting predators。
例 例 3.
This unprecedented development of a finite groundwater resource with an almost negligible natural recharge rate — that is, virtually no naturalwater source to replenish the water supply — has caused water tables in the region to fall drastically.
【解析】
介词短语构成的长定语成分 of a finite groundwater resource with an almost negligible natural recharge rate 作为主语 This unprecedented development的后置定语，它和双破折号连接的成分一起分割了主语 This unprecedented development 和 谓 语 has caused water tables in the region to fall drastically。
【处理】
识别出这个分割结构后，直接跳过它，找到谓语动词 has caused 后，先理解主干 This unprecedented development has caused water tables in the region to fall drastically 后，再回头理解定语成分和双破折号 of a finite groundwater resource with an almost negligible natural recharge rate —that is, virtually no natural water source to replenish the water supply—里的内容。
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