下面就从点对点结构，面对面结构，反对类，支持类，独立作文五方面为大家提供写作模板，希望对考生有一些用处。
“点对点”结构
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Introduction- |
The lecturer talks about research conducted by a firm that used the group to handle their work. He says that the theory stated in the passage was very different and somewhat inaccurate when compared to what happened in reality. |
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First Point of Contrast |
First, some members got free rides. That is, some did not work hard but got recognition for the success nonetheless. This also indicates that people who work hard were not given recognition they should have gotten. In other words, were not given the opportunity to “shine”. This directly contradicts what the passage indicates. |
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Second Point of Contrast |
Second, groups were slow in progress. The passage says that groups are more responsive than individuals because of the number of people involved and aggregated resources. However, the speaker talks about how the firm found that groups were slower than individuals in decision making. Groups needed time for meetings, which are necessary procedures in decision making. This is another place where experience contradicted theory. |
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Third Point of Contrast |
Third, influential people might emerge and lead the group towards glory If the influent people are going in the right direction there would be no problem. But in cases where they go in the wrong direction, there is nobody that has influence to counter the decision made. In other words, the group might turn dictatorship, with the influential party as the leader, and might become less in its thinking. They might become one-sided, and thus fail to succeed. |
“面对面”结构
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Introduction- Relationship between reading and lecture |
The lecturer talks about the natural process of crystallization and how the speed of cooling can influence such process, which is proved by Bowen’s crystallization experiment explained in the reading passage. |
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Points in the lecture |
Natural crystallization happens when magma, which is extremely hot in its molten form deep in the earth, gradually cools off when it moves towards the surface of the earth. During the cooling process, the energy from heat is lost, and the atoms which compose the magma begin to move more slowly, forming into an orderly pattern, which turns the magma into a solid crystal structure. However, if the cooling process takes place too rapidly, then there is not enough time for the atoms to be arranged into such an orderly pattern. Therefore, crystallization cannot take place. Instead, a brittle, glass-like material will form. |
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Points in the Reading |
Norman Bowen’s experiment in the 1920s proved this theory. By collecting and melting elements in rocks, Norman created artificial magma in his laboratory. He first cooled the magma slowly, as in the natural crystallization process, and got mineral crystals. But then he suddenly replaced this normal cooling with rapid freezing, and found frozen glass materials surrounding the solid crystal structure. |
托福小作文模板：反对类
1 The lecture is mainly discussing ______, ________ and ___________ by _________, challenging what are stated in the reading passage that _________, _________ and _______.
First of all, the speaker thinks that ___________. In contrast, the reading passage believes that _____________. So, the lecture totally disagrees with the view made in the reading.
Second, the speaker discusses ___________, Contradicting what is stated in the reading that _____________________.
Finally, the speakers raises the issue that ___________. This point disagrees that ________________ demonstrated in the reading.
So, the contents in the reading passage are totally jeopardized by the speaker and the speaker has totally different ideas on the topics made in the reading.
2 The reading passage contends that…The listening material completely refutes the reading passage. It is pointed in the listening that ……
First, the point, stated in the reading passage, is that … In contrast, the listening passage holds the opposite opinion and believes that ……
Second, the reading passage contends that …… But the speaker in the listening says that …
Third, the author, in the reading passage, believes that …… However, the lecturer in the listening argues that ……
3 In the lecture, the professor makes several points about……, while the reading states that ……
The first point that the professor used to cast doubt on the reading is that …….(听力第一个分论点)According to the professor…….(对前面那句话进行稍微解释)However, the reading notes that…….(阅读第一个分论点)
The second point that the professor challenges the reading is that…….(听力第二个分论点) Also,……(对前面进行补充说明) On the contrary, the reading contends that …….(阅读第二个分论点)
Finally, the professor argued that…...(听力第三个分论点)In other words, …...(进行解释说明) This contradicts the point in the reading that…….(阅读第三个分论点)
In short, the points asserted by the professor are different from what the reading says. The professor demonstrated that …….(对听力文章进行总结)
4 The speaker in the lecture principally argues that xxx, which contradicts the main statement in the reading, thus refuting the reading passage totally. In order to substantiate his contention as well as to jeopardize the reading passage, the speaker later reteams the supporting details in the reading passage and forwards alternative explanations.
In terms of AAA, the speaker argues that xxx, challenging the notion in the reading that xxx
Referring to BBB, the speaker believes that xxx. In contrast, the reading passage
Finally, the speaker raises the issue that xxx, was simply noted as xxx in the reading.
To sum up, based on thorough analysis of the whole situation (the nature of the reasons in the reading, the speaker disagrees with the reading passage completely.
5. The lecture apparently refutes the points illustrated in the reading material. According to the professor, ________________.On the contrary, the reading contends an opposite stand that_____.
The first point the professor uses to cast doubt on the reading is that___________, which differs from the statement in the reading that_____.
Another evidence the speaker adopts to contradict the passage is________. However, the reading states that_________.
In the conclusion, the point made in the lecture contrasts with what is presented in the reading. As the professor claims, ________whereas the reading material holds that________.
这个模版可以简单总结为：总(总结听力和阅读的核心内容指出它们之间的关系)-分(分开论述听力和阅读的观点和细节性信息)-总(总结全文观点)
6 In the listening material , the author pointed out a fact/phenomenon that -------------(指出听力文的重点，)which was opposed to ideas ----------(总结阅读部分的观点)in the reading materials .
In the first place / firstly / to begin with , speaker believed that ------------(指出听力部分分论点内容). His reasons for his /her views were as follows , first ------------ second -----------(听力分论点细节)，while the author in the reading material confirmed that ――――(阅读部分的观点) which was totally different from the viewpoints in the listening parts.
To sum up , --------------------(重新总结一下文章的主要意思。不用加入自己的观点。)
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