新托福综合写作：2012年10月19日北美真题——解答篇
解题4步骤
1.阅读短文，抓关键信息
Essential Air Service (EAS) is a U.S. government grant program. Its aimis to ensure that small communities once served by commercial airlinesdo not lose air services. The EAS now plans to build airports in remoterural communitiesthat are more than 110 km away from acommercialairport. Several benefits are stated in support of the program.
First, the service is aimed at farmers, fishermen, small miners, loggersand others working in remote areas. Without air connections, some ofthese towns have noconvenient connection with the outside world. Theair subsidy program attempts to make it possible for people living inrural areas to enjoy the same access to air travel as people in cities.
Second, the service can also boost the local economy. Communities oncedistant from population and transport centers now become local touristdestinations. Skagway, Alaska, for example, is a day’s sail from the statecapital of Juneau. But, by a small plane, it is only a half-hour trip. Withthe advent of a small local passenger service, the little burg turned froma ghost town in the early 1980’s to a tourist destination receiving nearlya million visitors a year by the year 2000. Thevast majority were cruiseship tourists brought from Juneau by air.
Finally, the program provides a modest economic stimulant as itencourages the purchase of small aircraftand the development of localairports. Also, the sales of fuel and aircraft maintenance provide an extrashove to seasonal and sluggish local economies.
2．记笔记，转述关键信息
假说：
【原文摘要】Essential Air Service (EAS) →build airports / remote ruralcommunities/
> 110 km ←commer~ airport
【笔记转述】Essential Air Service (EAS) finds three benefits to build airports in remote ruralcommunities that are more than 110 kilometers away from big airports.
根据1
【原文摘要】air travel: people / rural areas = people / cities
【笔记转述】The air subsidy program plans to allow people living in both ruralareas and cities toenjoy the same air travel.
根据2
【原文摘要】service →↑local economy
【笔记转述】The service can also promote the development of local economies of rural areas.
根据3
【原文摘要】↑purchase small aircraft & ↑local airport
【笔记转述】The program aims to encourage the purchase of small aircraft andboost localairports.
3．听讲座，抓关键信息
Keeping small communities linked to the outside world. Useful…noble even, right?Yes…sometimes. It’s that “sometimes” I want to talk about now, because EAS also has its critics. Andwhen you listen, the critics make some serious points.
If your town is 110 km away from a commercial airport, what would you do? You can drive to theairport. And how long does it take you to drive 110 km in the country? Probably two hours. So thetime people spent on rural roads is about the same amount of time people living in cities would taketo get to the airport. So the EAS should not subsidize the people in rural communities as they can useother means of transportation to get to big airportsin cities.
Second, if you’re going to subsidize local economies, why not subsidize the cities? The migrationpattern in the U.S. over the past seventy years has been from the country to cities. Why pump moneyinto remote rural areas? Sinceairlines move more people into the city than out, why not subsidize themajor urban areas? It’s a natural process.
Finally, it will be prohibitively expensive if we decide to continue EAS. Many aircraft companieshavediscontinued the production of small aircraft. The parts necessary to keep the small planesflying are therefore comparatively expensive. Plus, the cost of replacement and maintenance willdefinitely be rising, and building small airports is no longer economical. In a word, the motivesbehind EAS are praiseworthy. The thinking, especially from an economic standpoint, is pretty sloppy.
4. 记笔记，转述关键信息
反驳
【原文摘要】EAS / critics →serious points
【笔记转述】The critics of EAS’s plan raise serious points.
理由1
【原文摘要】dr →airport
EAS ×↑ppl / rural ∵other trsp →airport
【笔记转述】People living in rural areas can drive or take other means of transportation to airportsin larger cities. EAS should not support them by building an airport further out.
理由2
【原文摘要】if ↑local econ~, ↑cities
∵air →ppl →city, ×out
【笔记转述】Providing subsidies to cities is the key to boosting the local economy. The reason is
that airplanes take more people into cities than out.
理由3
【原文摘要】comp~×↑small aircraft
parts →↑$
cost / repl~ & maint~ ↑
【笔记转述】Most aircraft companies have stopped producing small aircraft. So the parts foroperating small planes are very expensive, let alone the cost of replacement andmaintenance.
答题模板和标准范文
下面我们来研究如何整理阅读和听力讲座中的主要内容，然后组织成一篇章。
1.答题模板
Introduction
In the lecture the professor questions the reading passage’s assertion of阅读短文的假说the professor puts forth the idea that 讲座中的反驳
Body paragraphs
Firstly, the reading passage mentions that阅读短文中的假说根据1However, the professorsuggests that讲座中的反驳理由1
Secondly, the reading passage cites that 阅读短文中的假说根据2But the professor saysthat 讲座中的反驳理由2
Lastly, the reading passage says that 阅读短文中的假说根据3 The professor rebuts this bysaying that 讲座中的反驳理由3
2. 标准范文
假说In the lecture the professor questions the reading passage’s assertion of threebenefits to build airports in remote rural communities that are more than 110 kilometersaway from big airports. 反驳The professor puts forth the idea that EAS’splan hasserious problems, and its critics raise serious points.
假说根据1 Firstly, the reading passage mentions that the air subsidy program plans toallow people living in both rural areas and cities to enjoy the same air travel. 反驳理由1However, the professor suggests that people living in rural areas drive or take other meansof transportation to airports in larger cities. EAS should not support them by building anairport further out.
假说根据2 Secondly, the reading passage cites that the service can also promote thedevelopment of local economies of rural areas. 反驳理由2 But the professor says thatproviding subsidies to cities is the key to boosting the local economy. The reason is thatairplanes take more people into cities than out.
假说根据3 Lastly, the reading passage says that the program aims to encourage thepurchase of small aircraft and boost local airports. 反驳理由3 The professor rebutsthis by saying that most aircraft companies have stopped producing small aircraft. Sotheparts for operating small planes are very expensive, let alone the cost of replacement andmaintenance.
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