Listening
Conversation 1:
Student: Hi professor, may I come in?
Professor: Of course. How was your day?
Student: Great. I went to practice piano today.
Professor: Really? I didn’t know that you could play piano before. Your major is science right?
Student: That’s right. Actually…eh…I chose this major only for the consideration of future planning, you know, like finding a job. But I really love music and I play piano quite well actually.
Professor: That is great to hear. I think every body should learn some music, you know, it can help them to relax.
Student: Indeed. But I came for another reason…
Professor: What is it about?
Student: Well, I heard that you are leading a band now. I wonder you still need a piano player.
Professor: Oh, I know it might hear a little bit disappointed but we have enough people for the moment. But…well…have you ever tried to go to the website and check if other bands need a piano player?
Student: You mean the student bands?
Professor: Yes, there are other students’ bands in our school and some of them are very good. I think you should give it a shot.
Student: I could do that.
Professor: They need new band player very often. I am sure you can find a really good band that need piano player.
Student: It was really helpful. Thanks!
Lecture 1:
If you would like to see some relics for yourself, whether as a spiritual pilgrimage or a matter of historical interest, the locations of some of the most notable Christian relics are given below.
In Christianity, relics are the material remains of a deceased saint or martyr and objects closely associated with those remains. Relics can be entire skeletons, but more usually they consist of a part such as a bone, hair or tooth. Pieces of clothing worn by the deceased saint or even an object that has come in contact with a relic is also considered a relic.
Relics have played an important role in Christian ritual since the earliest centuries of the church and were a major part of popular religion in the Middle Ages. Until 1969, relics were placed under the altar stones of all Roman Catholic churches. The veneration of relics was rejected by most of the Protestant Reformers and most Protestants today, but relics continue to play an important part in Catholic and Orthodox Christianity.
A primary objection made to the veneration of relics is their dubious authenticity. Many supposed relics have been subject to a great deal of ridicule from non-Catholics, and even the Catholic Encyclopedia admits that, especially in the Middle Ages, There was always a disposition to regard any human remains accidentally discovered near a church or in the catacombs as the body of a martyr," and "doubtful relics came to abound.
Lecture 2
Earth is unique among the known planets: It has an abundance of water. Other worlds — including a few moons — have atmospheres, ice, and even oceans but only Earth has the right combination to sustain life.
Earth's oceans cover about 70 percent of the planet's surface with an average depth of 2.5 miles fresh water exists in liquid form in lakes and rivers and as water vapor in the which causes much of Earth's weather.
Crust has multiple layers. The ocean basins and the continents compose the crust, the outermost layer. Earth's crust is between three and 46 miles deep. The thickest parts are under the continents and the thinnest parts are under the oceans.
The crust is divided into huge plates that float on the mantle, the next layer. The plates are constantly in motion; they move at about the same as fingernails grow. It occurs when these plates grind against each other. Mountains form when the plates collide and deep trenches form when one plate slides under another plate. Plate tectonics is the theory explaining the motion of these plates.
The mantle under the crust is about 1,800 miles deep. It is composed mostly of silicate rocks rich in magnesium and iron. Intense heat causes the rocks to rise. This convection — like a lava lamp — is believed to be what causes the tectonic plates to move. When the mantle pushes through the crust, volcanoes erupt.
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