Listening
Conversation 1
Student: Hi professor, could I come in?
Professor: Of Course. How is your preparation for the portfolio?
Student: Actually this is why I am coming here today. I am here to ask you about some advice.
Professor: I have seen it and I think it was quite amazing.
Student: Oh thanks for the compliment! I kind of trying to combine music and art together, you know…to create a new form. I really want to do something new.
Professor: Yes I noticed it. Why don’t you keep doing research on the project you are doing now? I guess it will help you to apply to art schools.
Student: I will, but now I am quite confused about the final paper. Can I write something about my project?
Professor: Oh actually I would like you to do a summary about what we mentioned in the class. Edward Monte…
Student: You mean a review?
Professor: Not exactly, just a summary of his life and work.
Student: That is not hard I guess.
Professor: You can also write things what we discussed in the class. It is your option. I will give you some detail in the next class.
Student: OK. Thank you professor. Well…back to me portfolio, do you think I need to add something?
Professor: Yes, maybe more conception. You can come back when you finish it.
Student：Thank You！
Lecture 1
The extreme Arctic climate makes the region a forbidding place to travel and a challenging place to live. Even so, people have found ways to explore and live in the Arctic. Indigenous peoples have lived in the Arctic for thousands of years. Explorers, adventurers, and researchers have also ventured into the Arctic to explore its unique environment and geography.
Residents of the Arctic include a number of indigenous groups as well as more recent arrivals from more southern latitudes. In total, only about 4 million people live in the Arctic worldwide, and in most countries indigenous people make up a minority of the Arctic population.
Archaeologists and anthropologists now believe that people have lived in the Arctic for as much as twenty thousand years. The Inuit in Canada and Greenland, and the Yu'pik, Iñupiat, and Athabascan in Alaska, are just a few of the groups that are native to the Arctic. Traditionally, Arctic native peoples lived primarily from hunting, fishing, herding, and gathering wild plants for food, although some people also practice farming, particularly in Greenland. Northern people found many different ways to adapt to the harsh Arctic climate, developing warm dwellings and clothing to protect them from frigid weather. They also learned how to predict the weather and navigate in boats and on sea ice. Many Arctic people now live much like their neighbors to the south, with modern homes and appliances. Nonetheless, there is an active movement among indigenous people in the Arctic to pass on traditional knowledge and skills, such as hunting, fishing, herding, and native languages, to the younger generation.
Arctic people today face many changes to their homes and environment. Climate change is causing sea ice to melt and permafrost to thaw, threatening coastal villages with bigger storms and erosion. And the declining sea ice means that the Arctic Ocean could open up for commercial shipping or tourist cruises.
Lecture 2
The deep sea is cold, dark and under enormous pressure and the fishes that live there have adapted in strange and wonderful ways to this environment.
Many deep sea creatures give out blue light, called bioluminescence, but the stoplight loosejaw is unusual as it emits red light as well. This is invisible to both its prey and its predators, and probably acts like a torch, to search out shrimps and small fishes. It may also be used to communicate with other stoplight loosejaws.
The range of animals that live on the deep seabed has only recently been uncovered. They may live thousands of metres down, but they are as diverse as the inhabitants of a tropical rainforest or coral reef. Here are some of them.
The oarfish has a flattened, snake-like body that grows up to almost 10m long. It has a bright red dorsal fin and a crest of long stiff rods, or fin-rays, on the top of its head.
This strange and harmless fish is seen occasionally at the surface and may even be washed on to the shore. Because we see it so rarely, little is known about the oarfish's lifestyle. Its stomach contents reveal that it feeds mainly on tiny animals that drift through the water.
Oarfish occasionally appear around Britain and one was caught by an angler in Yorkshire a few years ago. Sadly it was eaten before the Natural History Museum could get to it.
There may be giants in the deep sea that we do not yet know about. In 1976, American scientists working in the Pacific hauled aboard a shark 4.5m long, previously unknown to science. If such a large and relatively shallow-living fish could remain totally unknown for so long then the deep ocean may still hold many surprises.
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