托福听力背景知识：瀑布

本文涉及的托福听力背景知识供大家参考和了解：

在加拿大和美国交界的尼亚加拉河中段地区有一个著名的地理奇观，尼亚加拉瀑布(Niagara Falls)，有着世界七大奇景之一的美誉。关于它的说法有很多，在美国：“马蹄瀑布”(Horseshoe Falls，就是“加拿大瀑布”，它状如马蹄)、“美国瀑布”(American Falls)和“新娘面纱瀑布”(Bridal Veil Falls)。“新娘面纱”在宽阔的“美国瀑布”旁边，尽管只细细一缕，却自成一支，所以美国人“宣告”了它的“独立”。这样乐乐称道的瀑布经常会出现在托福考试中，以下是托福考试备考资料：

正文：

Niagara Falls comprises three distinct cataracts. The tallest are the American and Bridal Veil falls on the American side, separated by tiny Luna Island and plunging over jagged rocks in a 180ft drop; the broad Horseshoe Falls which curve their way over to Canada are probably the most impressive. They date back a mere twelve thousand years, when the retreat of melting glaciers allowed water trapped in Lake Erie to gush north to Lake Ontario. Back then the falls were seven miles downriver, but constant erosion has cut them back to their present site. The falls are colorfully lit up at night, and many say they're most beautiful in winter, when the grounds are covered in snow and the waters turn to ice.

The best views on the American side are from the Prospect Point Observation Tower (daily; 50￠), and from the area at its base where the water rushes past; Terrapin Point on Goat Island in the middle of the river has similar views of Horseshoe Falls. The nineteenth-century tightrope-walker Blondin crossed the Niagara repeatedly near here, and even carried passengers across on his back; other suicidal fools over the years have taken the plunge in barrels. One survivor among the many fatalities was the Englishman Bobby Leach, who went over in a steel barrel in July 1911 and had to spend the rest of the year in hospital.