新托福阅读材料：Experts say alcohol worse than heroin

饮酒的危害

Alcohol is more dangerous than illegal drugs like heroin and crack cocaine, according to a new study。

最新研究显示，酒精对人体的危害超过了毒品，如海洛因和可可因。

British experts evaluated substances including alcohol, cocaine, heroin, ecstasy and marijuana, ranking them based on how destructive they are to the individual who takes them and to society as a whole。

英国专家评估了以下物质，酒精，可可因，海洛因，致幻剂，大麻，并针对它们对个人和社会的危害进行排名。

Researchers analyzed how addictive a drug is and how it harms the human body, in addition to other criteria like environmental damage caused by the drug, its role in breaking up families and its economic costs, such as health care, social services, and prison. Heroin, crack cocaine and methamphetamine, or crystal meth, were the most lethal to individuals。

研究人员分析了毒品上瘾程度，对个人身体的危害，还综合了其它考察标准，诸如造成的环境破坏，家庭破裂及毒品的经济成本(如如医疗费用、社会服务费用和牢狱之灾等相关费用) 。海洛因，可可因，脱氧麻黄碱(一种中枢兴奋药，亦称“冰毒”)对于个体而言最为致命。

When considering their wider social effects, alcohol, heroin and crack cocaine were the deadliest. But overall, alcohol outranked all other substances, followed by heroin and crack cocaine。

在考虑它们更广泛的社会影响时，酒精，海洛因和可可因是最致命的。但是，综合所有因素来看，酒精超过其它物质，其次是海洛因，可卡因第三。

Experts said alcohol scored so high because it is widely used and has devastating consequences not only for drinkers but for those around them. When drunk in excess, alcohol damages nearly all organ systems. It is also connected to higher death rates and is involved in a greater percentage of crime than most other drugs, including heroin。

专家称，酒精排名如此之高，因为喝酒的人很多，酒精的危害结果不仅是对饮酒者的，还有对他周围的人的。酗酒的伤害几乎是对人体所有的器管。酒精还和高死亡率相关，因为饮酒而犯罪的案例超过了包括海洛因在内的大部分毒品案件。

注释：

Ecstasy：致幻剂

Marijuana：大麻

health care 医疗

Methamphetamine脱氧麻黄碱