Animal Adaptations
动物的适应能力
Adaptations are the special features that help an animal live and survive in certain places or habitats. There are three kinds of animal adaptations: Behavioral, Physical, and Life Cycle.
适应能力可以使动物在特定环境或栖息地生活。动物适应能力可分为三种：行为，外形和生命周期。
A behavioral adaptation is something an organism does, a behavior it performs to help it survive. A common animal adaptation is migration, when animals travel to a different place so it can find food and survive. Migration usually takes place in the winter.
行为适应是指某一有机体采取的用于帮助它生存的行为。常见的是动物迁徙。动物迁徙到一个不同的地方从而找到食物进而生存。迁徙通常发生在冬季。
Sounds animals make for different reasons are behavioral adaptations. Bird calls are an example. It is a behavior the bird does to communicate to other birds. A lion humming is a behavior a lion does when it is content. They grunt when they move from one area to another. Female lions roar to protect the young, and male lions roar to display strength. Roaring is also a method of communication.
不同的情况下动物发出不同的声音。鸟叫就是一个例子。它是鸟传将信息达给其他鸟类的一种行为。当狮子感到满足的时候会发出哼哼声。当它们从一个区域移动到另一个区域时会发出咕噜声。母狮子通过咆哮来保护幼师，而雄狮怒吼以显示实力。咆哮也是一种沟通方法。
The movements animals make are behavioral adaptations. Bats are nocturnal animals, so flying is very tiring for them during the day. It is easier for them to fly at night when it is cooler. Raccoons like to come out only at night, too, and are not seen very often. There are less predators at night.
动物的活动也是行为适应。蝙蝠是夜行性动物，所以白天的飞行是对它们而言非常疲劳。凉爽的夜间飞行对它们来说更加适宜。浣熊喜欢晚上活动，所以我们也不常见到它们。并且，晚上的天敌更少。
The interactions between animals can also be behavioral adaptations. The honey bee dance is a behavioral adaptation that attracts a honey bee to its mate. Honey bees also learn from other bees how to pollinate flowers and collect honey. The dance helps communicate information about food to other bees. A monkey removing parasites from another monkey's head is an example of an interaction.
动物之间的互动也可以看作行为适应。蜜蜂跳舞是吸引其它蜜蜂的一种行为适应。蜜蜂也通过舞蹈向其他蜜蜂学习如何授粉和采集蜂蜜。舞蹈有助于将食品的信息传递给其他蜜蜂。猴子将另一只猴子的头部的寄生虫取出也是是一个互动的例子。
A physical adaptation is a physical part of an organism that helps it survive. The fur on a bear is an example, because it is part of the bear's body structure and helps keep it warm during cold weather.
外形适应是有机体外形帮助它生存。熊的皮毛就是一个例子。熊皮作为熊身体结构的一部分，有助于其在寒冷的天气里保持体温。
The beak of a bird and the blue jay's color are both part of their bodies, helping them to survive. The ostrich has many thick feathers helping the ostrich look bigger to scare away predators. The ostrich also has a large mouth it uses to fight predators like cheetahs.
冠蓝鸦如同鸟一般的喙和其颜色是帮助它们生存的两个组成部分。鸵鸟有许多丰厚的羽毛厚使其看起来更大从而吓跑掠食者。鸵鸟也有一个大嘴巴用来与猎豹之类的捕食者搏击。
Prairie dogs have many adaptations like sharp claws to help it dig their burrows. They have sharp hearing so they can hear if a predator is coming. Prairie Dogs have whiskers that they use for balance so when they walk they won't fall over. The thick, dense coats of a sloth help keep them dry during the rainy season. They also have very sharp teeth to help defend themselves. Many fish have color patterns that help them blend in with their environment. This may allow the fish to avoid being seen by a predator.
土拨鼠有很多此类的外形的适应，比如锋利的爪子用来挖洞穴。它们有敏锐的听力，使它们能听到捕食者靠近的声音。草原土拨鼠的胡须还能让它们在行走的时候保持平衡而不至于摔倒。树懒厚而紧实的皮肤让它们在雨季的时候保持干燥。它们也有非常锋利的牙齿以保护自己。许多鱼类有彩色纹路用来帮助它们与所处环境融为一体。这可能让鱼避免被捕食者看见。
A life cycle adaptation is a process an animal goes through to help it survive. Before becoming a frog, the tadpole first hatched from an egg, which was laid by an adult frog. Atlantic salmon spend their early phase in rivers before traveling or migrating to sea to grow and mature. To complete their life cycle they must return to their river of origin to release new eggs. Butterflies go through four stages of life. They start out as eggs, change into a caterpillar, then a pupa, and finally an adult butterfly. All are examples of life cycle adaptations.
动物经过生命周期适应的过程以帮助其生存。成为一只青蛙之前，蝌蚪首先从由成年青蛙产下的卵孵化而成。大西洋鲑鱼在游到海洋成长之前是河流度过生命初期。为了完成其生命周期，它们必须返回母亲河产卵。蝴蝶的生命经历四个阶段。它们开始是虫卵，变化成毛毛虫，然后蛹，最后一个成年的蝴蝶。这些都是生命周期适应的例子。
In summary, whether it is a physical, behavioral, or life cycle adaptation, the environment an animal lives usually has an effect on the adaptation. All of the adaptations help an animal survive, scare off predators, or communicating with others.
无论是外形的，行为，或生命周期的适应，动物生存的坏境影响其适应。所有适应都有助动物生存，吓跑掠食者，或与同物种进行沟通。
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