【跟着沪江走，高分在招手】·【雅思备考·写作篇】
这篇文章会讲到段落写作的基本技巧。
由于写作的时间有限，写出的段落可能会比较短，但你可以运用与其他段落相同的结构。
在有限的时间内，你要将自己的观点尽可能叙述清楚。
如果在动笔前已经构思好了，那就按照自己的思路去写，清晰地表达自己的观点，同时注意写作时间。
下面的一段包含一个好的段落所具备的要素。
大家先来读一下，并确定这些要素有哪些：
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Studying Abroad
Studying abroad has two main benefits. Firstly, people who study abroad can get a better job when they return to their home country. This is because their qualifications and experience mean that they tend to get jobs that are higher paid, and they can also gain promotion quickly. Another advantage of studying abroad is the independence students can gain. For example, students have to cope with the challenges of living alone and meeting new people from different cultures. As a consequence, they will become more confident in their life and in their relationships with others. All in all, it is clear that studying abroad is a beneficial experience. |
The Three Parts to Good Paragraph Writing
段落要包含以下三点：
• Topic sentence
• Supporting sentences
• Concluding sentence
1. Topic Sentence
Topic Sentence会指出这段话的主要内容，是这段话的主旨，限定了这一段要论述的围绕这一主题的观点。“Controlling idea”是对主题的限定。
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topic controlling idea |
2. Supporting Sentences
Supporting sentences是对topic sentence展开论述。具体来说，supporting sentences阐述具体观点，并列举原因、数据、事实、结果等来支持所述观点。
论述“the benefits of studying abroad”的supporting sentences有：
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People get a better job when they return home (1st supporting idea) • Better qualifications & experience mean better pay and promotion (reason)
• Now has a high standard of living (result) • Students have to cope with the challenges of living alone and meeting new people from different cultures.(example) • Students will become more confident in their life and relationships (result) |
3. Concluding Sentence (Optional)
Concluding sentence可以用于段末，告诉读者本段最重要的观点，往往是topic sentence的另一种表述。例如：
All in all, it is clear that studying abroad is a beneficial experience.
Concluding sentence在段中可有可无，不影响作文分数。但concluding sentence可以增加段落间的连贯性。
Unity and Coherence
统一性和连贯性是好的段落必有的。考官也会根据这两点来评分。
•使信息和观点有逻辑性，整篇文章简洁清晰；
• 使用恰当的衔接方式；
• 每段要有明确的中心观点。
1. Unity
统一性意味着每段只能有一个中心观点。整段的论述要围绕中心句展开。
例如上面的例子，你只能阐述出国留学的两个好处。而不能论述更多的好处，或是出国留学的弊端。
即使段落中没有明确的topic sentence，这一段也应该围绕一个主题以保持统一性。
2. Coherence
好的段落要有连贯性，这就意味着读者可以很容易的就理解段落内容，因为（a）supporting sentences是以逻辑顺序出现的（b）主要观点通过过渡性的词或短语连接。
(a) 逻辑顺序
例如，在论述出国留学的好处时，有两个主要观点：（1）people who study abroad can get a better job，（2）they will become more independent.
然后对这两个观点进行一一论述，并阐述支持这一观点的例子、原因及结果。这就是逻辑顺序。
（b）过渡性词语
此外，这两个观点之间要使用恰当的过渡性词语连接，如first of all, for instance, the result of this, another advantage, as a consequence, all in all等。使用这些词可以增加文章的连贯性，使读者更容易理解。
上期文章：15天搞定雅思写作 Task 2 -Day 10 Transitional Phrases for Essays
>>点击查看雅思考试专题，阅读更多相关文章！
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雅思写作：备考的六个关键点
“不抄”即不要抄袭范文；“不背”即不要死记硬背套句；“不译”即不要逐字逐句进行汉译英；“我思故我写”，即用自己的头脑去思考问题，用自己的语言去表述自己的观点。